什麼是舢舨 ?
What is Sampan
什麼是舢舨 ?
舢舨是一種小型的漁船，主要在河涌和近岸水域航行。舢舨既是漁民捕魚謀生的工具，也是他們在河涌載人載貨的日常交通工具。此外，當漁民進行傳統習俗儀式，如紅白二事和端午遊涌時，舢舨也扮演著重要角色。
Sampans are small fishing boats for transporting people and goods. They are indispensable tools for both fishing and daily transportation.When fishermen participate in customary rituals such as weddings, funerals, and the Tai O Dragon Boat Water Parade, sampans also play an important role.
Dimensions and morphology of Tai O Sampan
大澳舢舨尺寸及造型展示圖
大澳舢舨尺寸及造型展示圖
有些專門用來載人的舢舨俗稱「送人艇」，大約長四米半。用來出海捕魚的舢舨體積可能大一至兩倍。
Sampans specifically designed for carrying people are about four and a half meters long, while those used for fishing are generally one to two times larger.
大澳舢舨
Tai O Sampan
大澳與西貢舢舨造型分析
大澳與西貢舢舨造型分析
Form and tectonic analysis of the Tai O and Sai Kung sampans
跑車的外型除了設計時尚，還必須通過嚴格的流體力學測試，以減低風阻並確保行駛時的穩定性。舢舨的外型看似大同小異，但事實上也需要根據航行水域的特徵作出調整。
大澳和西貢的舢舨長度相近，然而大澳水域平靜且浪小，舢舨船頭較寬，船體較扁平成為航行穩定的設計。
Sports cars not only feature stylish designs but must also pass stringent aerodynamic tests to reduce wind resistance and ensure stability during driving. While the shape of sampans may seem quite similar, indeed their designs need to be adjusted according to the characteristics of the waters they navigate.
Tai O and Sai Kung sampans are similar in length; however, because the waters in Tai O are calm, the sampans there have wider bows and flatter hulls to enhance stability.
西貢舢舨
Sai Kung Sampan
西貢水域浪較大，扁平的船體反而容易使舢舨翻覆顛簸，因此西貢舢舨的船頭較翹，船體較窄且長，更易於破浪航行。
In contrast, Sai Kung’s waters have larger waves, and a flat hull tends to make the sampans easy to capsize and rocking. Therefore, sampans in Sai Kung have more curved bows and narrower hulls to better cut through the waves.
Functional and spatial analysis of the sampans in relation to daily living and fishing operations
舢舨空間功能分析：生活起居與捕魚作業的關係
舢舨空間功能分析：生活起居與捕魚作業的關係
舢舨作為捕魚平台
Sampan as working platform
舢舨作為捕魚平台
我們通常認為舢舨是漁民用來捕魚及運輸的工具，而棚屋則是他們的居所。然而，當年並非所有漁民都住在棚屋，對部分漁民來說，舢舨便是他們全部的生活空間。出海作業時，漁民站在後檔搖櫓，前檔則用來存放漁具或櫂槳，方便捕魚時使用；大倉用於儲存漁獲，蓋上杉板後還可以載人和運貨。
We generally consider sampans as tools for fishing and transportation, while stilt houses serve as fishermen’s residences. However, not all fishermen lived in stilt houses back then; for some fishermen, the sampan was their entire living space. When working at sea, fishermen stood at the rear chamber to row, while the front chamber was used to store fishing gear or paddles for easy access during fishing. The main deck was used to store the catch, and when covered with fir wood boards, it could also carry people and cargo.
舢舨作為休息場所
Sampan as resting place
舢舨作為休息場所
漁民會在後檔放置炊具，方便回航後煮食；晚上則在後檔撐起拱蓬作為寢息場所，前檔則成為修補魚網的工作平台。雖然舢舨體積不大，但功能巧妙安排，能充分滿足漁民的生活需要。
Fishermen kept cooking utensils in the rear chamber for food preparation upon returning. At night, they set up a canopy over the rear chamber as a sleeping area, while the main deck served as a workspace for repairing fishing nets. Although small in size, sampans were wisely arranged to fully meet the daily needs of fishermen.
圖解舢舨
The Analysis of Sam Pan
圖解舢舨
舢舨主要由大倉、前檔和後檔組成。大倉是主要的活動範圍，而前檔和後檔則用作儲物。前檔可用來存放魚網或漁穫，較大型的舢舨則會在後檔內放置炊具，以便在船上煮食。
A sampan is composed of the front chamber, the deck, and the rear chamber. Major activities are conducted on the deck. The front chamber is used to store fishing nets or catches. In larger sampans, fishermen prepare and cook food, storing cooking utensils in the rear chamber.
舢舨用材
Sam Pan Materiality
舢舨用材
傳統舢舨是用木材製造。舢舨的「底骨」、「馬面」、「尾樑」和「根牽」採用堅硬的杪木製造；「金鼎」則用碌柚木製造；而其他部位，如「橫柴」、「傍板」和「鷂仔」，則使用杉木製造。
Traditionally, sampans are made of wood. The keel, horse-face, transom, and caprails are made of Chao wood. The spiritual piece is crafted from teak. The remaining components, such as floor timbers, planking, and futtocks, are made of fir wood.
舢舨構件
Sam Pan Components
舢舨構件
底骨
Keel
解說大澳舢舨
Sam Pan Components
解說大澳舢舨
傳統舢舨是用木材製造。舢舨的「底骨」、「馬面」、「尾樑」和「根牽」採用堅硬的杪木製造；「金鼎」則用碌柚木製造；而其他部位，如「橫柴」、「傍板」和「鷂仔」，則使用杉木製造。
Traditionally, sampans are made of wood. The keel, horse-face, transom, and caprails are made of Chao wood. The spiritual piece is crafted from teak. The remaining components, such as floor timbers, planking, and futtocks, are made of fir wood.